京都律师事务所

The practice of preventive law requires a knowledgeable lawyer . the client needs to understand the legal system and the applicable law well enough to be able to communicate with the lawyer. As a client you need to know what information is relevant and necessary to the lawyer’s opinion. Too often client get in trouble
because they have not fully informed their lawyers. Clients also often apply legal advice to situations not contemplated by the lawyer. This can lead to a
lawsuit ,or it may discourage the client from doing something that is clearly legal. This problem is especially likely to occur in applying abroad statute like the Sherman Act ,which forbids certain anticompetitive trade practices.

防范性法律顾问工作之进行，需要有精通业务的律师。当事人要能同律师互相交流，必须对法律制度和所适用的法有相当好的了解。作为一个当事人，你得知道在律师看来，哪些信息是直接有关而且又是必不可少的。当事人往往由于没有把全部情况让律师知道而遇到了麻
烦。律师提供的顾问意见不肯能比他所根据的信息高明一点。当事人也往往把顾问意见搬用到律师所没有设想到的情况中去。这样会引起诉讼；要不，也会使当事人缩手缩脚——明是合法的事去不敢去做。这种问题，在适用像《谢尔曼法》那样的概括性的法律时，特别容易
发生——《谢尔曼法》禁止某些反竞争的商业手段。

Law is an important part of the culture of any society. Like its language, law reflects the values, history, and current problems of a society ,and some of its basic concepts is essential to an understand of the society. Ours is very much a business society; therefore, it cannot be understood without a knowledge of both law and business.

法是任何社会文化的重要组成部分。犹如社会的语言，法反映着某一社会的价值观、历史和目前的问题。对作为一种制度的法律、对法律的社会职能如何行使以及某些基本法律概念有所了解，是了解一个社会所必不可少的。美国社会在很大程度上是一个商业社会，因此对商业或法律一无所知，谁就无法了解美国社会。

If you are have to negotiate an agreement over the phone, always remember that you have a contract when you are finished. The following suggestions will help you handle this situation:

如果不得不在电话中谈判一份协议，务必铭记：双方通话一结束，合同即已告成。下列建议会有助于处理上述情况：

（1）Make an outline or list of the points to cover before calling. Have erything you need at your desk, such as film, forms, notes and a calculator.

在谈判之前先就谈判要涉及的内容拟定一份提纲或要点清单；把所需要的一切，如胶片、表格、笔记和计算器等，都放在写字台上；

（2）Make sure the other person has the authority to bargain and make a contract.

核实对方是有权进行谈判并订立合同的；

（3）Take notes on the conversation.

作谈判记录；

（4）Repeat what you think you have agreed to.

把自己以为自己业已同意的事项复述一遍；

（5）Don’ts agree to any final elements unless you the other party clearly understand what you have done.

除非双方都已清楚理解彼此之作为，切勿对有定局意义的诸因素表示同意；

（6）Identify what you have not covered so that there is no misunderstanding.

指明双方未经谈判的事项，以免发生误解；

（7）Confirm the full extent of the agreement in write as soon as possible after
the call. Make this agreement if possible.

通话后尽快以书面确认协议的内容，如属可能，即以此为协议书。